The trend toward transparent façades reflects a growing demand for clarity and functionality in architecture, sparking interest in using glass not only as a cladding material but also as a means of structural stabilization, particularly for shear bracing in buildings. Mullion-transom façades present a specific challenge, as even slight building deformations can affect the façade structure and its fixings. A thorough understanding of these system interrelationships and ongoing monitoring of the actual load-bearing capacity is essential to ensure the long-term stability of glass as a load-bearing element.
As part of a research project at the University of the Bundeswehr Munich, a test rig was developed to analyse the load-bearing capacity and feasibility of a structural glass façade under dynamic loads. The project aims to create a digital twin of a load-bearing glass façade using real models and sensor data. Central to this effort is the measurement of stresses through fibre-optic sensors, which leverage the strain sensitivity of optical fibres. These sensors are applied to the glass surface to record and analyse load paths and deformations under wind loads in real time. This load path measurement system is presented for the first time and assessed for its suitability in long-term applications.
This research establishes a critical foundation for the reliable and continuous monitoring of load-bearing glass façades, supporting the sustainable integration of load-bearing glazing in modern façade systems.